Two Courts, One Family: What Happens When Criminal and Family Proceedings Run Side by Side

General information only. This is not legal advice. If you are involved in family or criminal proceedings, you should seek advice specific to your circumstances.

One of the most disorientating things about a case involving domestic abuse allegations is that it can be happening in two courts at once, on two different timelines, with two different rulebooks. A recent published family court judgment illustrates how that plays out, and what it means for a parent trying to keep their child safe while the process unfolds around them.

Two courts, two clocks

In that case, the father was arrested for alleged domestic violence against the mother. That set two processes running:

• A criminal case, where the police investigated and the Crown Prosecution Service authorised charges, and the father chose to be tried by jury at the Crown Court rather than have the matter dealt with in the lower court.
• A family case, where the father applied for a child arrangements order and the court had to hold a fact-finding hearing (FFH) to establish, on the civil standard of proof, whether the abuse alleged had actually happened.

Choosing Crown Court trial meant the criminal case would take far longer to resolve than if it had stayed in the lower court. The family court judge was candid about this. The result was that the family court needed to make welfare decisions for a young child well before the criminal process concluded.

If you are the parent raising the allegations, this dual-track reality matters practically. You may be asked to give an account of the same events to the police, to CAFCASS, and in family court evidence, months or years apart, and small variations between those accounts can and will be put to you.

"Guilty" is a criminal court word. Family court doesn't use it.

This is one of the most important, and most misunderstood, differences between the two systems.

The criminal court decides whether someone is guilty of a specific offence, to the standard of "beyond reasonable doubt." A guilty verdict can result in a criminal record, a sentence, and, depending on the offence, restrictions on future conduct.

The family court does not convict anyone of anything. It makes findings of fact, on the lower civil standard of the "balance of probabilities," meaning simply that something is more likely than not to have happened. The judge in this case was explicit that nothing she decided had any bearing on the father's right to a fair criminal trial, and that the two processes apply genuinely different tests.

What a family court finding does do is far more consequential for a child's day-to-day life than most litigants in person expect:

• It becomes the factual basis on which CAFCASS assesses risk and makes recommendations.
• It shapes what kind of contact, if any, is safe for a child to have with the parent found to have caused harm.
• It can mean immediate restrictions on direct contact, sometimes before the criminal case is anywhere near concluded.

In this case, once the judge made findings about the father's behaviour, she refused direct contact between the father and the child for the time being and allowed only carefully limited indirect contact.

So while there is no "guilty" verdict in family court, a finding can have faster and more immediate real-world consequences for contact than the criminal case will for months.

Why the alleging parent's account carries so much weight, and so much scrutiny

Family fact-finding hearings sit at an uncomfortable intersection: the person alleging abuse usually also has the most to gain from being believed, and the court knows this. The judge in this case quoted the well-known caution from Re B (Children) [2008] that allegations are not made by a neutral party, but that does not make them false, only more prone to misinterpretation or exaggeration, and the court must weigh accordingly.

In practice, that meant the mother's evidence was tested hard:

• Every inconsistency between what she told the police at the time and what she said in her later statement or oral evidence was put to her directly.
• She was asked to explain why she had not disclosed the full picture to the police at the time.
• Her explanation, that she had not felt safe enough to be fully honest with police at that stage, was something the court had to weigh rather than simply accept.

This is a genuinely difficult position for many people in these proceedings to be in. The judge accepted that "victims of abuse may react and present in very different ways," and that inconsistency does not automatically mean a false account. But she also found that on some specific points, the inconsistency between the mother's police account and her family court evidence undermined certain allegations. Not every strand of her case succeeded.

What was found, though, was substantial: the court made findings of physical violence and related conduct, and noted that the father showed little insight into the harm he had caused.

How police disclosure into the family case actually works

When family proceedings need material from a live or past police investigation, such as the police's own account of an incident, custody records, or bodycam material, that request runs through the Disclosure of Information Between Family and Criminal Agencies and Jurisdictions: 2024 Protocol. This is the formal mechanism that governs what the police can and must hand over to the family court, and how.

A review of that Protocol was completed in September 2026. It concluded the Protocol itself remains sound, but made a few practical changes worth knowing if your case is running alongside a police investigation or criminal proceedings:

• One streamlined order. The separate templates previously used for public and private law disclosure (Annexes 4 and 5) have been merged into a single template order, used across all proceedings.
• LEDS replaces PNC. References to the Police National Computer (PNC) have been updated to LEDS, the Law Enforcement Data Service that has replaced it.
• Handling instructions replace an undertaking. Where a party previously had to give the court an undertaking about how they would handle disclosed police material, the Protocol now refers to handling instructions instead.

None of this changes the underlying test for disclosure, only the paperwork and terminology around it. If you are a litigant in person applying for a private law police disclosure order, ask whoever is drafting your order which version of the annex they are using, since older copies in circulation online may still show the pre-amendment wording.

What this means if you are living through parallel proceedings

If you recognise any part of this pattern, either as the person who has experienced abuse, or supporting someone who has, a few practical points from this case are worth holding onto:

1. Be consistent, but don't panic about imperfection. The court expects and allows for the fact that trauma affects memory and disclosure. What matters is a coherent, honest account of what you can and can't remember, not a flawless one.
2. Explain gaps rather than letting them sit unexplained. Where the mother's account had developed since her initial police contact, the reasons she gave (fear, not yet feeling safe) were considered, even where they didn't save every allegation.
3. A finding is not the end of the road, but it is a real and immediate turning point. Contact decisions can shift the moment findings are made, well before any criminal trial concludes.
4. The two cases will not be resolved on the same timetable, and that is not a flaw in your case. The family court is entitled to, and often will, make interim decisions about a child's safety without waiting for a criminal verdict.

If you are navigating a fact-finding hearing alongside a parallel criminal case, having someone beside you who understands how the two processes interact, and what the family court will and won't expect from your evidence, can make a material difference to how that hearing goes.